Understanding BRCA: The Basics

What Are BRCA Genes?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA. Every woman carries two copies of each -- one inherited from each parent. When functioning normally, these genes help prevent cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or uncontrollably.

A BRCA mutation changes this protective mechanism. When a mutation is present, the gene can no longer repair DNA effectively, allowing errors to accumulate that may lead to cancer.

How BRCA Mutations Affect Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA mutations are the most well-understood hereditary risk factor for ovarian cancer. While the general population lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is approximately 1.3%, the numbers are significantly higher for mutation carriers:

• BRCA1 mutation carriers: 35-70% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer
• BRCA2 mutation carriers: 10-30% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer

These mutations also increase breast cancer risk, which is why BRCA is often discussed in the context of both cancers.

Who Should Consider Genetic Testing?

Genetic testing for BRCA mutations is recommended for women with:

• A personal history of ovarian cancer at any age
• A family history of ovarian cancer (especially in a first-degree relative)
• A known BRCA mutation in the family
• Breast cancer diagnosed at age 50 or younger
• Triple-negative breast cancer diagnosed at age 60 or younger
• Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry (which carries a higher prevalence of specific BRCA mutations)
• Multiple family members with breast or ovarian cancer

Why Knowing Your Status Matters

Knowledge is power. Learning your BRCA status can guide decisions about screening, prevention, and treatment. For women who test positive, options include enhanced surveillance, risk-reducing medications, and preventive surgery -- each of which can dramatically reduce the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.

At HopeCare Global, we believe that every woman deserves access to the information and support she needs to make informed decisions about her health. Understanding your BRCA status is a critical step in that journey.